Depression And Women Essays - Depression, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Depression And Women Around the world, depression occurs more frequently among women than among men. The female-male ratio ranges from 2:1 to 3:1 in most industrialized countries (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1999). Women are 2-3 times more likely than men to suffer from depression(Encarta Encyclopedia, 2001). Why do women feel blue more often than men? Three explanations of the sex difference in depression for a potential hypothesis are the following: (1) Women are more willing to seek help and, therefore, are more likely to be categorized as having depression. (2) Biological differences may exist between females and males that predispose females to become more depressed than males. (3) Psychological factors-different rearing environments, different social roles, and less favorable economic and achievement opportunities, for example-may produce greater depression in women than in men. From my research and knowledge in this subject, I would say that biological differences are the main reason for the frequent cause of depression in women. The first potential hypothesis may be true, but about 1/3 of women suffering from depression do not even get help. Often they do not recognize the symptoms for depression. For example they may be experiencing headaches, fatigue, and sleeping problems, but do not realize that those are symptoms of depression. Although there may be psychological differences between men and women, I feel that women are more sensitive in terms of physiology. First, because of differences between the X and Y chromosome, male and female brains are exposed to different hormonal surroundings in utero. These hormonal differences may affect brain development so that men and women have different vulnerabilities and different physiological reactions to environmental stressors later in life. Second, the fact that post pubertal men and women have different levels of circulating gonadal steroids might somehow put women at higher risk for depression. Research studies shows that girls become more susceptible to depression than boys only after puberty, when they begin menstruating and experiencing hormonal fluxes. Estrogen might set the stage for depression indirectly by priming the bodys stress response. Evidence is emerging that estrogen might not only increase Cortisol (hormone that increases the activity of the bodys metabolic and immune system, among others) secretion but also decrease Cortisols ability to shut down its own secretion. The result might be a stress response that is not only more pronounced, but also longer-lasting in women than in men. It is unclear whether depression is a cause or consequence of elevated Cortisol levels, but the two are undoubtedly related. Over the past few decades, a number of studies have shown that Cortisol levels are elevated in about half of all severely depressed people, both men and women. So the idea is this: if estrogen raises Cortisol levels after stress or decreases Cortisols ability to shut down its own secretion, then estrogen might render women more prone to depression particularly after a stressful event. Biological and social influences not only coexist but also probably reinforce one another. However, as I stated earlier, biological differences may make women more prone to feel blue. Men and women are unique and our differences will always lie deep in our roots of physiology. I am convinced that this is the nature of womens depression, thus making us vulnerable to stress. Perhaps the current effort to better understand womens depression will be successful and reduce womens pain and suffering from feeling so blue. Psychology Essays

In a time of political dissent and eventual revolution, our great nation was founded

In a time of political dissent and eventual revolution, our great nation was founded. Our founding fathers experienced first hand what it was like to not have their natural rights as humans recognized. They based this nations foundation and laws on protecting those unalienable rights of man, which are, life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (Declaration of Independence 1). Here in the United States, the main protector of the unalienable rights of man is the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Perhaps the most essential amendment to the Bill of Rights is the first amendment which says, Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (Bill of Rights 1). Even though the First Amendment clearly states these rights, there have been four attempts to m! uddle out parts of the First Amendment by adding an amendment that bans flag desecration. I understand the offense that is created by desecrating the symbol of our country. But adding an amendment to the Constitution that bans flag desecration should not happen because it takes away the peoples right to show their disapproval of the government. Although I approve of the latest failure of the amendment on 29 March 2000 in the senate and will approve of the future dismissals of the amendment, I am not supporting flag desecration; I am simply supporting the right to desecrate the flag. America is the greatest country in the world because of the freedom and rights granted to us in the Bill of Rights. Sir Winston Churchill observed in 1945 the United States is a land of free speech. Nowhere is speech freernot even [in England], where we sedulously cultivate it even in its most repulsive forms (quoted in A Flag Desec...

Health and Safety Legislation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Health and Safety Legislation - Assignment Example The bottom-line of the regulation actions is that safety is important, and the reduction of accidents is needed to make working conditions favorable. Strategic drivers in health and safety regulation in Britain can be viewed from two perspectives. That is from the business perspective and the regulators perspective. It has to be noted beforehand that the regulating authority in charge of managing health and safety regulation in the Great Britain is the health and safety executive. The role of this organization is to engage all stakeholders in promoting safe and healthy work place environments in Britain. Therefore in discussing the strategic drivers from the regulators perspective, much attention will be focused on the methods and actions taken by health and safety executive and its functions. From the perspective of the businesses, the main strategic drivers to regulation of health and safety are social responsibility, reputation, impact on revenue and the ability of such businesses to comply with the regulation. Each of these drivers is of significant influence to the ability and level of compliance to the regulations that concern health and safety at work. Considering social responsibility as a driver, the argument, in this case, is that the business owes a level of responsibility to the people and community within which it is established. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the business to provide a safe environment both within and without the firm. The community, in this case, does not mean just the surrounding but even the members of the organization. This perspective is similar to the concept of corporate social responsibility. In corporate social responsibility, the businesses moral obligation is to give back to the society that it owes its existence to. The point of divergence of the two cases is that beneficiary of the good gesture from the business. Social responsibility can also be

Rrisoners choice in Les Miserables and Crito Essay

Rrisoners choice in Les Miserables and Crito - Essay Example Willing to help the friend and to save the righteous man, Crito tried to persuade him to escape from prison and promised him any possible assistance in his further life. Moreover, Crito as a noble devoted fried was ready to sacrifice his wellbeing for the sake of Socrates’ salvation. In this way, Socrates faced an intricate choice, the choice between life and death, between reputation and salvation. The story of Jean Valjean depicted in the novel seems to be more complicated and rather different, with several turning points offering their dilemmas. The protagonist is a former convict who has carried his burden for nineteen years and was finally released with an overwhelming feeling of disappointment and resentment towards the world and society. The very origin of his story implies the theme of justice and an individual, as Valjean was convicted for the crime he – similar to Robin Hood – committed in order to recover justice and help those who were in need. Having stolen a loaf of bread for his sister’s starving children, the man became a criminal in the eyes of law (created by the strongs, as it has always been) and was punished. Although Valjean bears enormous contempt in his soul after being released, his outlook on life changes as he meets the bishop, and probably this is the factor influencing his further decisions.As he became a wealthy noble man running a factory, holding the post of a mayor and hiding behind the false name, he learns that there is a man facing trial in the neighbor city as Jean Valjean.

Turtles Hatching Essay Example for Free

Turtles Hatching Essay English Essay In the poems ‘Turtles Hatching’ and ‘The Pairing Of The Terns’, Mark O’Connor explores the idea of the circle of life and compares nature to human beings to show how much more evolved nature is then humans are and also the experiences that we go through. O’Connor’s use of visual imagery in ‘Turtles Hatching’ not only tells us, but shows us about the life cycle of the turtles. When the baby turtles are trying to get to the water the seagulls and crabs try and catch them so that they can eat them, which leaves only a few that make it to the water. Slipping in, as it left, the shadow, a thousand times larger, of a parent come shoreward to lay; two ends of the earthbound process linked in the uncomprehending meeting of kin’. This quote tells us, that when a baby turtle has hatched and made its way to the water to begin its life in the ocean, a mother turtle has come to shore to lay her eggs. ‘I gathered a living brother, hiked it over the rock-flats, (fighting on in my hand). Through this use of personal pronouns, O’Connor helps us to connect with the environment he is describing. In this way, O’Connor enables the reader to feel for the turtles. In O’Connor’s poem, ‘The Pairing Of The Terns’, he links the terns to humans. ‘Human lovers know it only in dreams, the wild mating flight of the terns’. This quote tells us that human couples can only dream about what the terns feel when they are flying. When the terns fly they stay motionless in half gales then suddenly they plunge down and across the sky, their strong wings beating into thick vortices of the air. As much as humans wish they could feel free like the terns do when they fly, we humans can only dream about it. ‘locked in pairs by invisible steel’. In this quote, O’Connor explains to us that no matter which way the terns move, they will always be together because they are so in sync with each other. Humans can never have the same love that the terns have, and O’Connor hopes to evoke in the reader a feeling of wonder and desire. O’Connor deliberately compares nature to human beings because it shows how different they are and that humans can only dream about what it feels like to be a part of something more evolved. The experiences that humans go through help to change the way they view the life of nature.

International business and cultural diversity

International business and cultural diversity Cultural Diversity in its varying forms, undoubtedly plays a distinct role in the success or failure of interaction in the work place, these often come from impassive behavioural judgements, programmed values or peer understanding (Briley and Aaker, 2006). Diversity can be viewed from a variety of perspectives and effective communication in this respect can be actively moulded to formulate an outcome if an understanding is learned or developed before or during this interaction. This essay then aims to discuss the impacts of cultural diversity in the work environment, with focus on how communication is affected both positively and negatively and the degree to which cultural diversity as an explanation of this is a precursor to successful deliberation. So what is culture? Culture is an inherently difficult idea, arguably without distinct definition. Hall (1959: 52) argues that culture â€Å"is a mold in which we all are cast, and it controls our lives in many unsuspected ways.† Hofstede (1980: 45) maintains that culture is â€Å"the collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one human group from another.† Trompenaars (1994) views culture as the way that a group of people solved the problems that afflicted their society. The successful solutions were then adopted as being normal behaviour or accepted standards and were gradually incorporated to become a part of acceptable culture. This suggests that culture is capable of change and that change is constant (Olivas-Lujan, Harzing, and McCoy, 2004). The concept of culture incorporates a system of shared meanings or values that can exert a strong influence on the objects, events, and ideas to which people attend and toward which they act and att ribute value (Liu, Furrer, and Sudharshan 2001; Trompenaars 1994; Watkins and Liu 1996). People from different cultures are often expected to choose different groups, messages, and methods to affect communication (Chow, Deng, and Ho 2000; Kale 1991) in business this is often reflected at the initial point of exposure but developed over time. Types of cultural diversity are well documented. In business, the work of Varner (2000) suggests a theory of transactional culture, the idea that diversity is learned or altered depending upon the situation. This theory is justified by Hofstede (1980) who states often the interaction between cultures establishes the idea of professional culture, the idea of a single mutual culture fed by both identities. Gagliardi (1986: 124) claims that a â€Å"common culture strengthens cohesion and improves the ability to communicate,† indeed, in the workplace this ideology is apparent when discussing the ways in which diversity plays a role in business interaction. Positively, evidence suggests the addition of multicultural entities to an organisation provides a varied number of successful responses (Source) indeed with the rise in globalisation; the increase in a multicultural workforce is inevitable both internally and externally. This reason justifies the need to understand, facilitate if not promote cultural recognition throughout the business not just at a managerial but personal level. Depending upon the level of interaction, the methods of communication as highlighted by Beamer, (1995) are based on a learned environment, a training culture that aids in the understanding of both the foreign and native diversity. Cultures are often categorised as a means of predicting behaviour, clarification, and standardization as a means of finding unity. To do this, variations among cultural groups are often discussed in terms of geography, gender, age, and class, as well as other variables. Hofstede (1980) formulates these variations into three distinct classes, organizational, occupational and national, but also promotes the idea of cultural dimensions to illustrate similarities between nations. Each of these higher level classifications contain sub-references to the type of culture such as linear active, multi active or reactive and incorporates layers of culture including national, regional, generation and societal groups. Incorrect understanding of these can lead to difficu lties as the acceptable or expected behaviours. In this respect it is necessary to observe that the nature of communication in the workplace is based on the ability to recognise cultural variation and adapt to the changing situation. Nevertheless diversity in the workplace provides differentiated service range, increased market potential and the possibility of higher efficiency (Poniatowski n.d). It is this benefit to businesses that pushes the need to generate active participation and increased awareness of cultural differences (Structural Integration). Poniatowski, (n.d) discusses approaches to cultural diversity in an organisation and suggests that it can be thought of as, cultural relativism, absolutism or pluralism. These illustrate examples of closed, hierarchical, (Monolithic) or individualistic (pluralistic) based culture differences which and is useful as a base to assess the level of understanding in an organisation. In industry, often the first issue to understanding and a stunt to effective communication is undoubtedly one of several factors. These include, language, environment/technology, social organization, contexting, authority, non- verbal behaviour, and conceptions of time (Victor 1992). At first glance, the initial interaction between cultures formulate an underlying set of psychological challenges (Mak, West- wood, Ishiyama, Barker, 1999; Sanchez, Spector, Cooper, 2000). Not only in a business context, this can often create (performance) anxiety (Stajkovic Luthans, 1998; Wood Bandura, 1989) and perhaps embarrassment (Keltner Buswell, 1997), in front of a critical, evaluative audience from the native culture (Edmondson, 1999). The required/expected behaviour in the foreign setting may also conflict with an individuals deeply ingrained values and beliefs, resulting in psychological distress, expressed in perspiration, nervousness and feelings of helplessness (Leong Ward, 2000; Sanc hez et al., 2000; Ward Searle,1991). Cox (1993) discusses the physical association between appearance, language and perception of identity to others and this dance with personal pressure, individual identification and understanding of others perceptions. This could and sometimes does illustrate communication problems through misunderstanding or something that may not be directly recognised as being culturally linked. It is often in this stage, or the first encounter, that prejudices start and can be illustrated through unpredicted behaviour such as an English person for instance speaking Hebrew in France, to the observer this wouldnt be normal or the perceived norm for a French person, highlighting not only the individual expectations based on explicit variables of appearance etc. but stereotypical views of national culture (Larkey 1996). Language is often seen as a variable to cultural identity and can be viewed as an example of explicit culture or observable reality (Hampden-Turner et al 2002). Beamer (1995) approaches this with the concept of schemata. This describes the idea of pre-existing mental structure that allow someone to make sense of information. With regards to cross cultural schemata this calls for a so-called alignment of thought processes referred to as mutual expectation (Hampden- Turner et al 2002) and is often difficult to achieve. The next step in this is the relation between the language and the tones of the dialect in its portrayal of ideas or concepts. As suggested by Tannen (1998) conversation is a mixture of engagement and a consistent pattern of constants and constraints, this can illustrated by the French or Italians for example, who use language dialogue as tools of elegance. Not only this but the subtle use of body language as an indication of expression. Meanings through language can be interpreted in a variety of ways. In many countries the use of silence can show understanding and appreciation even respect but this can also create misunderstanding not only of expression but intent. Language can also be regarded upon reflection of Maltz and Borkers (1982) work as an example of the gender-as-culture hypothesis, explaining differences in male and female language use and societal roles. They observed that children learn much complex social and communicative behaviour through interactions with same-sex peer groups this is then carried on throughout life. These social contexts not only promote gender-specific language styles and norms, but also reinforce gender-specific cultures, thus justifying personality trait theories such as those proposed by Smith, Dugan Trompenaars (1997) and underpinning the social prejudice work of Aldrich, (1999). More recently, Mulac, Bradac, and Gibbons (2001) observed that although men and women may speak the same language; they speak it differently.(Tannen) Similarly, Jameson (2007) suggests the cultural impact on emotion. â€Å"People have positive, negative, neutral, or ambivalent feelings not only about race but also about other components of cultural identity. For instance, a particular individual may feel positive about her gender, negative about her economic class, neutral about her nationality, and ambivalent about her ethnicity,† (Jameson 2007:25). This justifies the linguistic hurdles that belay intercultural communication even before conversion starts. The understanding then of language as expression and a projection of national character comes hand in hand with listening. As communication is a two way process, the listener or audience must respect the listening patterns and differences in the nature of conversation. It is important to recognise that communication is not simply restricted to verbal interaction. In modern society, the use of technology as management of teams and communication has pr ovided varied challenges in dealing with understanding globally. The increased use of virtual teams on widespread projects means there is a need to both get to grips with the advantages of the technology such as â€Å" frequent, easy, low-cost, around the clock communication and collaboration† (Duarte Snyder 1999: 24) but also to be sensitive to the audience, the levels of formality in an organisation, language and to have awareness of values and beliefs, communication styles, and approaches to decision making, problem solving, and conflict resolution when relying on non- face to face contact. Language and listening are related directly to methods of communication. As well as these, patterns of cross cultural business behaviour tend to stem from deal vs. relationship focus, informal vs. formal, rigid vs. fluid time and emotionally expressive vs. emotionally reserved cultures (Gesteland 2003). Again these interpretations like those of Hofstede (1980) etc. are relatively rigid in their attempts to justify differences, however they are useful in understanding a perspective pattern when dealing with communication. Deal focus cultures refers to task orientation whereby relationship focused are more people orientated. Similarly, those from egalitarian cultures differ with more formal counterparts from hierarchical societies, the perception of time is also fundamental in some cultures separating the lazy from the â€Å"arrogant martinets enslaved by clocks and arbitrary deadlines.† (Gesteland 2003:17). Those who exhibit an emotionally expressive nature communicate differen tly from those who are reserved, this resulting confusion can often be mistook for lack of understanding or effort thus creating a gap in negotiation of interaction management. Interpretation of body language also plays a significant aspect in the portrayal of the type of cultural pattern being displayed by those during interaction. The subtle differences in movements such as the head and eyes of the speaker, in cultures such as those of Spain or Greece is considered a reinforcement of position and a sign of respect, maintaining consistent eye contact for example, whereas in Japanese culture this same movement it is considered improper and rude. This type of behaviour is not uncommon to hierarchical cultures. Expressive features of the body also include the hands, used to emphasise a point. The notion of body language is a critical aspect in understanding the meaning of conversation sometimes not portrayed by the language, especially if the language is not native. Non- Verbal expres sions then like language can effect communication unintentionally. Similarly, cognitive patterns formulate reasoning and approaches to interaction. In this, understanding variations in thought between cultures promotes correct verbal response and action. For instance, in Japanese- United States (U.S) business deals, those thought to be completed by US negotiators can often be re-opened by the Japanese, this can be frustrating for the U.S but a necessary aspect of understanding for the Japanese (McDaniel, 2000). In addition to the levels and methods of interaction, both in the workplace and society, cultural identities are also thought to be associated with the idea of power positions, that some cultural groups have greater power, prestige, and status than others (Ridgeway and Berger, 1986; Nkomo, 1992; Ragins, 1997). In Western society there exists a predetermined cultural norm amongst a variety of groups. Many of these are becoming blurred but have been empirically proven by Alderfer (1987) as a residual cultural standard. This view of status is jointly underpinned by achievement vs. ascription cultures where a position is earned through education; such as a degree from a good school or attributes such as titles at birth. Not only this but also the idea of connections, status can be achieved through who you know ideology. There is much support for the notion that paying attention to differences in power and status is critical for understanding diversity in organisations. In Alderfers (1987) theory of intergroup relations, for example, the distribution of power among cultural identity groups, both inside the organization and in the larger society, is key to how people think, feel, and behave at work. The power distance index given by Hofstede illustrates this gap and underpins Harbermas (1970) study of communicative distortion whereby the hierarchical relationships or norms for interaction in an organisation will limit the extent to which communication is freely given in a global context. There is then a standard norm for communication that transcends the gap of cultural similarity, an underlying base of dos and donts or methods of conducting ones own behaviour during communication. Proponents of status characteristics theory (Ridgeway, 1988; 1991) argue that much of what we think of as the effects of membership in particular identity groups, such as race or sex, are in fact produced by the status value our society ascribes to those groups, so does this effect both our own personal rules for interaction, the rules dictated by the organisation or the expected rules of our culture? It is important to understand that there is a difference between intercultural communication and intercultural business communication. In intercultural business communication, communication can often depend for example on the interaction style. This may change depending upon the context. In this the identity of the person changes depending on the environment. For example, professional, social and cultural identities would alter the style of verbal contact. A social business interaction would be different for some cultures than others. This reflects the work by Spencer- Oatley (2000), which discusses the idea of identity face, where a person can use multiple layers of identities at a given moment (Collier and Thomas 1988; Hecht et al., 1993). Fundamentally, in business communication both strategies, goals, objectives, and practices become an integral part of the communication process and help create a new environment out of the synergy of culture, communication and business. The work of Holtgraves (1997) examines how culture influences whether a person uses direct or indirect communication. He finds that Koreans are more likely to be indirect than are U.S. citizens in intercultural communication. Gudykunst, Matsumoto, and Ting-Toomey (1996) found that individual factors are better predictors of high and low-context communication styles than cultural values of individualism and collectivism. Hosftedes (2001) work on inter cultural interaction highlights the differential value systems of countries, this justifies the notion of communication methods highlighted by Holtgraves. In this, the likelihood of successful interaction is either enhanced or reduced by the value set of a given culture. Based on the ideas of individualism, collectivism, power distance, masculinity, femininity, long term orientation and uncertainty avoidance (Hofstede 2001) it is necessary to alter ones cultural and business environment and create a new context (Bolten, 1999). More than this how ever, there is a need to understand the impact of key organizational concepts such as HR and promotion policies, decision-making, competitive environment, financial/business laws and governmental regulations on the intercultural business communication processes. Participants in interaction must understand the relationship of business and culture in a particular environment to create a common ground to base discussion. In the work place certain predicated knowledge then can be detrimental to business relationships. The prejudices gained through peer interaction, value sets and indeed media interpretation learned or perceived through the process of â€Å"growing up,† all add to this vision of an outcome before any intercultural communication has taken place. It can often seem like a finite game of West vs. East ideology so often if these practices are used in organisations that use a monolithic approach this can have negative effects both economically for the business but make it even harder for employees to respond to change. In modern society there is a need to engage in cultural experimentation. The work by Lovett (1999) and Yan (1997) challenge the conservatism approach by presenting an argument based around the individual rather than culture, highlighting how interaction is formulated from an individual perspective. Simply, cultures dont interact with each other individuals do. This sent iment puts forth the cognitive approach to interaction based both on the value set of the culture, the transactional culture created by the interaction and the contextual understanding of both parties, developing a value hierarchy for interaction. This however isnt simplistic, unlike the linear, sender/receiver models such as those proposed by Limaye and Victor (1991), this could represent in itself a dominant personified role for either representative. Simple stated, communication and interaction between individuals is a product of the moment, the message is given but filtered before understood through these layers of culture as discussed in Lewis (2005 : p 44-45). Leininger (1997) suggests a more appropriate model for solving the issue of cultural understanding in methods of communication. She discusses presenting a relationship between business context and global strategies, the aims of each business; if these are clearly defined by both parties this systemic approach removes the necessity for traditional processional communication. Yet this model fails to reduce the gap between cultures, as highlighted by Fine (1996) perspective models often only gloss over practices but rarely alter the perception or differentials in neither organisation or individual, Walck (1995) agrees that such approaches would eliminate rather than manage diversity. So looking at the differences in cultural standards between two cultures, Fink et al (2007) would suggest that they are, â€Å"not necessarily the consequence of differences in a single cultural dimension (i.e., values). It can be safely assumed that contexts, choices, and decisions made within a society by groups or organizations and interactions among sets of values (combinations of values) can influence the emergence of specific cultural standards. Although these choices are based on values, different modes of behaviour may be relevant within different contexts.† (Fink et al. 2007:47) From a personal perspective, the transition between cultural environments whether through businesses exchanges or geographical movement can be enough to generate an atmosphere of uncertainty, referred to by Lewis (2000) as Culture Shock. Culture shock is a multifaceted experience often felt by people whose opinion of normality is blurred in a foreign country. Whereby societal norms or traditional approaches alter and everything is different to what is expected. From this, one can experience a sudden loss of identity, different in regards to cultural identity, this is based on the individual and perception of ones self irrespective of the base culture. This can be a daunting period, developing in stage transitions, moving first from an initial apprehensive model through crisis and resolution. Despite this movement though, the process if often cyclic and the transition between each and even the return to the host culture can re-ignite this out of body experience (Winkelman 1994). For c ommunication, culture shock can have negative effects with lack of enthusiasm, misunderstanding, and perhaps depression. But the individual needs to understand that despite culture requiring us to think and giving us metaphors, facts and norms it doesnt tell us what to think. Based on this idea, Cohen (1989) argues that identity can be created through community, the idea of symbolic or imagined community in the host culture. This paints a pretty picture, but doesnt solve the underlying problems of ethnomethodology, and people can sometimes fail pray to others definitions of their identity when maintaining extended periods in foreign environments, the idea of cultural Diaspora (Gilroy 1993, Jenkins 1996). Critically for the success of business interaction, it is the ability to recognise ones own programming or the awareness of ones own metaphors for being that lays the foundation for communication. Yet at present even with a degree of understanding, there still remains an interactive gap between cultures. The idea that cultures stick together is prominent from the boardroom to the classroom. As discussed by Echenique et al (2007) the use of social networks can be used to both explain and or reduce this gap, currently a Spectral Segregation Index (SSI) has been used to measure the connectedness of individuals from a variety of backgrounds and makes it possible to compare the segregation between cultures. By using this information and the principle behind social networking, coupled with the studies of Hofstede, Trompenaars and others, it is possible to disperse knowledge about different cultures direct to applications in the office etc. before interaction as better or additional prepara tion before intercultural communication. So, by both recognising the initial difference in culture, understanding yourself and the importance of differences in dialect, movement and the type of culture set (Values etc.), you can then understand the perceptions of those you are in relations with. From this you can research and alter your approach to better suit the type of culture to limit the impact of intercultural interaction both during and after communication. References. Aldrich, H. E. (1999) â€Å"Organizations evolving.† London: Sage. Beamer, L (1995) A schemata model for intercultural encounters and case study The emperor and the envoy. Journal of Business Communication, 32, pp.141-162. Bell, A. H. (1992) â€Å"Business communication: Toward 2000.† Cincinnati: South western. Bolten, J. (1999) â€Å"Intercultural business communication: An interactive approach.† In C. R. Lovitt and D. Goswami (Eds.) â€Å"Exploring the rhetoric of international professional communication† (pp. 139-156). New York: Baswood. Briley, D. A., Aaker, J. L. (2006) â€Å" When Does Culture Matter? Effects of Personal Knowledge on the Correction of Culture-Based Judgements.† Journal of Marketing Research. 43 (3), pp.395-408. Chow, C W., Deng, J.F and. Ho J. L. (2000), â€Å"The Openness of Knowledge Sharing Within Organizations: A Comparative Study of the United States and the Peoples Republic of China,† Journal of Management Accounting Research, 12 (January), pp.65-95. Cohen, A.P. (1989) â€Å" The Symbolic Construction of Community.† London: Routledge. Collier, M. J., Thomas, M. (1988) â€Å"Cultural identity: An interpretive perspective†. In Y. Y. Kim W. B. Gudykunst (Eds.), â€Å"Theories in intercultural communication (International and Intercultural Communication Annual, Vol. 12, pp. 99-120)†. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Cox,T. H., Jr. (1993) â€Å"Cultural Diversity in Organizations: Theory, Research, and Practice†. San Francisco:Berrett-Koehler, Duarte, D. L., Snyder, N. T. (1999) â€Å"Mastering virtual teams.† San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. In Uber Crosse, C. (2002) â€Å" Managing Communication Within Virtual Intercultural Teams.† Business Communication Quarterly, Volume 65, Number 4. pp. 22-38 Edmondson, A. E. (1999) â€Å"Psychological safety and learning behaviour in work teams.† Administrative Science Quarterly, 44. pp.350 -383. Echenique, F and Fryer. Jr, R.G. (2007) â€Å" A measure of segregation based on social interaction.† The Quarterly Journal of Economics. 122 (2). Fine, M.G. (1996) â€Å" Cultural Diversity in the workplace: The state of the field.† The Journal of Business Communication. 33 (4). pp. 485-502 Gagliardi, P. (1986) â€Å" The creation and change of organizational cultures: A conceptual framework.† Organizational Studies.7. pp.117 134. Gesteland, R.R. (2003) â€Å" Cross- Cultural business behaviour. Marketing, Negotiating, Sourcing and Managing across cultures.† Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press. Gilroy, P. (1993) â€Å" The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness.† London:Verso. Graham, J. L. (1985) â€Å"The influence of culture on the process of business negotiations: An exploratory study.† Journal of International Business Studies, 16(1), pp. 81-96. Gudykunst, W. B., Matsumoto, Y., and Ting-Toomey, S. (1996) â€Å"The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures.† Human Communication Research, 22, pp.510-543. Harbermas, J. (1970) On systematically distorted communication. Inquiry, 13, pp. 205 -218 (1972) Knowledge and Human Interests. London: Heinemann Hofstede, G. H. (1980) â€Å"Cultures Consequences: Inter- national Differences in Work-Related Values.† Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Holtgraves, T. (1997) â€Å"Styles of language use: Individual and cultural variety in conversational indirectness†. Journal of Personality Social Psychology, 73, pp. 624-637. Jenkins, R. (1996) â€Å"Social Identity.† London: Routledge. Kale, S. H. (1991) â€Å"Culture-specific Marketing Communications: An Analytical Approach† International Marketing Review, Vol. 8 Issue 2, pp 18. Keltner, D., and Buswell, B. N. (1997) â€Å"Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions.† Psychological Bulletin, 122. pp.250 -270. Larkey, L. K. (1996) â€Å"Toward a theory of communicative interactions in culturally diverse workgroups.† Academy of Management Review. 21. pp.463-491 Leininger, C. (1997) â€Å"The alignment of global management strategies, international com- munication approaches, and individual rhetorical choices.† Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 11(3), pp. 261-280. Lewis, R. D. (2005) â€Å" When cultures collide, leading across cultures.† Finland: Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Leong, C. H., and Ward, C. (2000) â€Å"Identity conflict in sojourners.† International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 24. pp. 763- 776. Liu, B. S. C., Furrer, O and Sudharshan, D. (2001), â€Å"The Relationships Between Culture and Behavioural Intentions Toward Services,† Journal of Service Research, 4 (2), 118-30. Mak, A. S., Westwood, M. J., Ishiyama, F. I., Barker, M. C. (1999) â€Å"Optimizing conditions for learning sociocultural competencies for success.† International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 23. pp.77-90. Olivas-Lujan, M R., Harzing, A W., McCoy, S. (2004) â€Å"September 11, 2001: Two Quasi-Experiments on the Influence of Threats on Cultural Values and Cosmopolitanism,† International Journal of Cross Cultural Manage- ment, 4 (2), pp. 211-28. Poniatowski, B. (n.d) â€Å" The Future of Cultures: Challenges and Opportunities for Cultural Diversity† [Online], Available: www.unu.edu/hq/japanese/gs-j/gs2001j/okinawa3/poniatowski-full-e.pdf [14 Dec 2009] McDaniel, E. R. (2000) â€Å" Japanese negotiation practices, Low context communication in a high context culture.† Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Arizona State University. In Neuliep, J. W. (2000) â€Å"Intercultural communication: A contextual approach† (pp.14). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Sanchez, J. I., Spector, P. E., Cooper, C. L. (2000) â€Å"Adapting to a boundary less world: A developmental expatriate model.† Academy of Management Review, 14. pp. 96 -106. Smith, P. B., Dugan, S., Trompenaars, F. (1997) â€Å"Locus of control and affectivity by gender and occupational status: A 14 nation study.† Sex Roles, 36(1/2),pp. 51-77. Spencer-Oatey, H. (2000) â€Å" Rapport management: A framework for analysis†. In H. Spencer-Oatey (Ed.), â€Å"Culturally speaking: Managing rapport through talk across cultures† (pp. 11-46). London: Continuum, Stajkovic, A. D., Luthans, F. (1998) â€Å"Social cognitive theory and self-efficacy: Going beyond traditional motivational and behavioural approaches.† Organizational Dynamics, 26(4) pp.62-74. Tannen, D. (1998) â€Å" Oh Talking Voice that is so sweet: The poetic nature of conversation.† Social Research Vol. 65, No. 3. pp. 631-651. Trompenaars, F (1994) â€Å"Riding the Waves of Culture Understanding Diversity in Global Business†. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Professional Publications. Tylor, E. B (1891) â€Å"Primitive Culture† London: Murray. Varner, I and Valentine, D. (2001) â€Å" Teaching Intercultural Management Communication: Where Are We? Where Do We Go?† Business Communication Quarterly;, Vol. 64 Issue 1, pp. 99-111. Victor, D. A. (1992) â€Å"International business communication†. New York: HarperCollins. Walck, C. L. (1995) â€Å"Editors introduction: Diverse approaches to managing diversity†. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 31. pp.119-123. Ward, C., and Searle, W. (1991) â€Å"The impact of value discrepancies and cultural identity on psychological and socio-cultural adjustment of sojourners.† International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15. pp. 209 -225. Winkelmen, M. (1994) â€Å"Cultural Shock and Adaptation.† Journal of Counselling Development.73. pp. 121-126.

Perfume †Grenouille Analysis Essay

Throughout the story â€Å"Perfume† by Patrick Suskind, Grenouille is presented as an outsider who is a product of both social and moral decay shown through his birth, description of the setting and description of Grenouille’s characteristics. Grenouille was born in the malodorous fish market of Paris in the â€Å"18th century†, where the 18th century was a period of tragedy and chaos where foul smells were everywhere. Moreover, Grenouille being born in a â€Å"fish market† indicates the evil and unnatural nature of Grenouille as he is born in the worst smelling, filthiest and unnatural place in Paris. Even more, being born in a fish market in a â€Å"pile of fish guts† shows Grenouille as a victim of social decay where society and degraded so far to the point where babies mattered just as much as fish guts. Obviously, Grenouille’s future is seen to be full of sin and filthiness as seen from his birth place. Furthermore, from the moment Grenouille was born, he was endowed with a powerful sense of smell which he â€Å"used as a language† further suggesting his filthy and malicious future as the first smell he smelt was the disgusting stench of the fish market foreshadowing his disgusting future intentions. Using smell â€Å"as a language†, shows the difference between him and all other people in society making him an outsider. Similarly, like an animal, Grenouille uses sense of smell to communicate and judge his surroundings portraying his animalistic characteristics inside as well as the predator within him using scent to track prey as animals do. Clearly, Grenouille’s powerful sense of smell foreshadows his violent, animalistic future intentions. Conversely, through free indirect discourse, Suskind develops sympathy for Grenouille and portrays him as an outsider and a product of social decay. There is described to be a â€Å"stench barely conceivable† showing Grenouilles abundance of a smell setting him aside and different to â€Å"the people, the stairwells, the parlours and the bedrooms.. † making him different to anything normal making him an outsider. However, sympathy is developed for him when he describes everything in society to have a stench showing that he felt everything in society and all the people in it stank thus causing him to become a victim of social decay. Grenouille is further conveyed as a victim of social decay when upper class supposedly high ranked and highly respected people are portrayed as fools and almost idiots. Through Comic Irony Father Terrier is seen as an uneducated fool and childish when using the phrase â€Å"poohpeedooh†. The repetition of this phrase further illustrates the foolish nature of a highly respected person showing social decay. Moreover, presenting the upper class in France as silly and foolish shows the decay of society and how even foolish people such as Father Terrier are respected and looked up to making Grenouille a victim to this social decay as well as an outsider as he does not respect these foolish upper class people and does not follow the demands of society. Similarly, Grenouille is again seen as an outsider when society refuses to accept him. His mother leaves him to die in a pile of fish guts and many others refuse to take him in, leaving him as an unwanted outsider. Again this foreshadows his future actions of violence and murder when society rejects him and many people act on their basic instincts and leave him to die suggesting a sense of evil in him. Grenouille is further shown as an outsider when he is described to have a â€Å"lack of scent†. This lack of scent clearly shows he is unnatural and he is not a normal being as well as further suggests his evil nature as he is able to move around unnoticed by anything allowing him to be able to do things unnoticed. Clearly, Grenouille has an unnatural, evil feel to him as seen through his characteristics and the way he is rejected purely but instincts by society. As seen from his birthplace, the setting and his characteristics Grenouille is clearly an outsider in society and this will ultimately lead to the murder of several women as well as chaos.

Pros and Cons of Cloud Computing Essay

With the unprecedented growth and spread of information, there is no wonder why large Information Technology companies have been investing in the â€Å"cloud†. To expand, when referring to Cloud Computing, this means to access and store information not stored with in your computer whether it be public, private, or hybrid cloud computing. In technological terms, the server you are accessing is somewhere else and therefore, the information and tools you are using are â€Å"up in the clouds† but more so stored in another server space. However, whether you are paying for services through software, total usage, or free usage (hence the types of cloud services) Cloud Computing seems to be everywhere. Yet, it is important to recognize what is to gain by using cloud computing from big businesses to individual users and what are some risky moves when utilizing cloud storage over the Internet. Hence, the content of this paper will discuss the pros and cons of cloud computing and where cloud computing is headed in todays online society. Discussion: Moving forward, large companies use private cloud computing on the grounds that it is far more affordable to store and run programs in a server space designed for processing, saving and running information applications and so on. The biggest noticeable advantages in cloud computing have to be the ease of running programs with out installing any new applications (since the provider installs it for you in their cloud), and payment depends on membership, and which billing method you chose; for example, monitored payment or a flat rate (Mitchell). However, there are competing companies such as Google Apps Marketplace, Windows Azure, Amazon Web Services, Success Factors, and so on, that make cloud computing affordable on different user levels. These levels range from individual interest to larger company interests. For example, a company may need thousands of gigabytes worth of storage while I may need a few gigabytes of storage. So when paying for space I will be able to only buy what I need. Additionally, using the cloud allows a user greater mobility since an individual with an account can access the cloud from any computing device (laptop, desktop, tablet, or phone) that has available Internet access. More importantly, it’s easier for multiple users to access the same document and not overload the system and backs up data without someone having to worry about the location. Therefore, utilizing a third-party system server, Cloud Computing perks offer cheaper, reliable storage and retrieval of information. Figure [ 1 ] Although Cloud Computing sounds like a convenient service for businesses and users to take advantage of, there are downsides for paying or using cloud servers. Instances include, system shut downs for maintenance, access of data after canceling a membership, and more importantly privacy. Yet, a simple downside would be â€Å"What if someone uploads data into the cloud server and suddenly loses Internet connection?† The answer would be lost time and an incomplete data upload, not to mention the hassle of finding Internet connection again to access the cloud’s server only to attempt to upload the same work once more. On the other hand, looking back at the 2011 Google Docs incident, when an outage delayed user interaction for an hour starting in the UK and then reached the US (McCaney). Many organizations and people couldn’t access or exchange files via the cloud. So accidents happen, and although people lost out on time and information sharing, no files were reportedly lost. Even so, accidents including shutdown to outages, are rare natural occurrences, yet, inevitable for the current time. Not only are there outages to worry for also, according to Hamad Subani, he asserts that â€Å"Since most of the major Cloud Computing servers are operated by companies based in the United States, data you put on your Cloud is subject to American law.†   Which is also true since authorities only need to file a subpoena to get the information, yet, once information is shared warrants are needed and such (Subani). Hence, privacy is compromised, but to an extent. If someone is engaging in illegal file transfers on a cloud server, it already violates the consumer to provider contract; therefore a person is better off keeping their illegal activities to themselves. Other than that, cloud computing is relatively safe. | Cloud Computing Simplified| Pros| Cheap services, reliable, extra storage space, no worry about the server location| Cons| No privacy, and you must have internet access, maintenance. | After going through the pros and cons of cloud computing, it is necessary to analyze where such services are headed in the near to distant future. According to Brian Donaghy,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Market Research Media says the cloud market will reach $270 billion in 2012 and Gartner predicts it will be over the $148 billion mark by 2014, much greater than Forrester’s forecast of over $118 billion for the same year.† Without a doubt, cloud computing will continue to rake in the profits since increasing needs for IT services are inflating the cloud’s development. In perspective, social networks (like YouTube or Skype) outsource their work to cloud services to help store user data. More so, it seems as if digital life is linked to the storage systems of cloud servers. Think about it, with out a back up storage in the cloud, there wouldn’t be a free YouTube, Tumbler, and blogging would essentially be news posts by big businesses. Cloud computing will continue to advance in ways that further accommodates all online users. About the only disadvantage of this are those with out Internet connection, the people left out of the Internet community. However, for the time being, cloud computing’s growth in the United States and American websites using cloud resources, prove to be helpful in the spreading of information from social to private perspectives of data usage. Conclusion: Hence, it is evident that cloud computing will be growing exponentially so long as the Information Technology sector continues to be in high demand. Therefore it is up to the consumers individual needs to decide if cloud computing would help them keep tabs with their data usage online or if using their own memory on their computer is a better decision. On the other end, companies should use Cloud Computing servers as a cheaper form of Information Technology management. Especially since investing in a mainframe computer would be far more costly than having some other company do all the work for you for a smaller fee. Therefore, cloud computing will definitely be a primary factor in the growth and facilitation of online data usage and continue to revolutionize modern technology. Bibliography Bauer, Eric and Randee Adams. The Reliability and Availability of Cloud Computing. Hoboken: Wiley, 2012. Donaghy, Brian. Where is Cloud Computing Headed in 2013? 8 November 2012. 1 February 2013 . McCaney, Kevin. Google, Microsoft cloud crashes: Is this the new normal? 12 September 2011. 15 February 2013 . Mitchell, Bradley. What is Cloud Computing. 2013. 15 February 2013 . Mururgesan, San. â€Å"Cloud Computing: The New Normal?† January 2013. IEEE Xplore (digital library). 1 February 2013. Subani, Hamad. Ten Reasons Why Cloud Computing is a Bad Idea. 2 June 2009. 14 February 2013 . Weinman, Joe. â€Å"Cloudonomics: the business value of cloud computing.† 4 September 2012. WorldCat (database engine). 1 February 2013.

Superheroes Essays

Superheroes Essays Superheroes Essay Superheroes Essay Essay Topic: Batman Lately I’ve been pondering the subject of superheroes. Everyone has their favorite – mine is Batman – and I think everyone at some time has fantasized about being one. I know I have. Of course, unlike Batman, who uses cunning, strength, battle expertise and a bizarre psychological makeup to his advantage, I’m thinking that having superpowers might be one of the prerequisites of the job. Unfortunately, most of the powers that are of interest to me, especially the ability to bend space and time and invisibility, have been taken. What’s a fledging superhero to do?I flirted with shape shifting or the ability to manipulate the weather. I thought about being able to communicate with animals, but other than being very Dr. Doolittle-ish, how would that come in handy when trying to save the world? It wouldn’t. No, it would have to something formidable. So, after much thought, I’ve decided that I want to be able to transform myself into any element, which I think would really come in handy as a superhero. It could also cause some problems, which is OK, because most superheroes are flawed in some way and their powers can often be a curse to them.Being able to change into any element would not only be a cool power to show off, but it would be extremely practical too. If someone is shooting at me, I can turn myself to iron and not only repel the bullets but bounce them back. If I’m being chased I can quite conveniently turn to steam and drift away. Ditto if I want to sneak into a room. I’d just turn to smoke and go through the keyhole. And if I need to escape a sticky situation I can stand above a sewer grate and turn to water, reconstituting when I hit the pool below. There are no limits to how useful a tool this could be.Being able to transform myself like this makes me near invincible. Which could be a problem. It may be too perfect. My powers would have to have a flaw. For instance, maybe I can only retain my transformation for a certain amount of time, say five minutes. Perhaps my character frequently finds that messy circumstances only get messier because he can’t retain his powers, making a quick and efficient escape of the essence. I would eventually learn that, like the Force of Star Wars fame, my powers could grow through time, practice and training.Like any dedicated student, my character would constantly be working at skills he doesn’t quite understand. Maybe I would find a Yoda-like mentor to help me control and strengthen my powers. I also need to take into consideration just how many elements I could transform into. It may be interesting to be able to run the gambit of the Periodic Table; it could fun to turn into germanium or meitnerium, although the latter would mean I would have a half-life of only 720 milliseconds, which sounds problematic. But it would certainly add to the fabric of my character.I may never have to turn to samarium, but I could if I wanted to. Practicality states that it would have to be a solid element and nothing colorless, odorless or tasteless; what good is it to become hydrogen? At first glance one might also think there would be no practical reason to transform into halogens or any of the noble gasses. But, come to think of it, if I wanted to illuminate a dark passageway I could just turn to neon. Of course, I don’t actually turn to neon. Maybe my body just starts to glow brightly.Of course, my character would have to have a back story. I would have to explain how I discover my powers. You just don’t wake up one day made of scandium. Perhaps I’m a physicist. Maybe it’s night and I’m working in the lab alone. Maybe there’s an accident and an explosion releases a white-hot fireball that’s heading right towards me. Unable to move in time I instinctively turn to iron, saving me from the flames rushing harmlessly by. In the aftermath I lie on the floor, gazing in amazement and disbelief at my metallic body.This is interesting, I think before I quickly reconstitute back to my human form, which is, of course, naked, since my clothes have been burned off. But I’m shook at what just happened, not comprehending whether it actually really happened. Later, when realizing that I actually had turned to metal, I decide to test my newfound powers, perhaps by thinking of helium. Curiously, my body doesn’t inflate like a balloon, but begins to levitate, gently lifting me exhilaratingly skyward until I am level with the ceiling. Then the powers suddenly vanish and I crash to the floor below.

Free Essays on Nixon Library

Nixon Library Report The Nixon Library is more than just a library bearing the late presidents’ name. To me the library seemed more like a museum which houses audio and visual displays surrounding Richard Nixon’s life. It is located in Yorba Linda and built in front of Richard Nixon’s birthplace. The library opened its doors in 1990 as a privately supported institution to educate the public about Richard Nixon. The day I visited the library Bill Jones announced his candidacy for governor of California. I watch a short 28 minute film title â€Å"Never give up’: Richard Nixon in the Arena.† I visited an exhibit titled â€Å"Road to Presidency,† which houses a 1832 engraving of the Declaration of Independence. It also had exhibits which showed how Richard Nixon worked his way up in the political Arena. Of all the exhibits I especially enjoyed the one about Nixons pursuit of Alger Hiss in the 1948 espionage case. I saw the presidential limousine. The same limousine in which president Nixon traveled in during his term in office. It is a black, bullet proof Lincoln continental with a V-8 engine priced around $500,000. Exhibit seven has a display of life size statues of 10 world leaders. Each statue weighs 80lbs. and are made according to the actual height of the leader. There is a picture of the capital from when Nixon took office and the room is filled with gifts and flags. There is a monitor in front of the exhibit which provides biographical summaries of each leader. A gallery featuring Richard Nixon’s achievements with foreign affairs is an interesting piece because I am now able to associate him with more than jus the Watergate scandal. There are also many gifts from Chinese and Russian leaders president Nixon dealt with during his term in office. This exhibit also encompasses an actual piece of the Berlin Wall. Aside from all the political accomplishments, president Nixon also contributed to Americas Space history. A whole ex... Free Essays on Nixon Library Free Essays on Nixon Library Nixon Library Report The Nixon Library is more than just a library bearing the late presidents’ name. To me the library seemed more like a museum which houses audio and visual displays surrounding Richard Nixon’s life. It is located in Yorba Linda and built in front of Richard Nixon’s birthplace. The library opened its doors in 1990 as a privately supported institution to educate the public about Richard Nixon. The day I visited the library Bill Jones announced his candidacy for governor of California. I watch a short 28 minute film title â€Å"Never give up’: Richard Nixon in the Arena.† I visited an exhibit titled â€Å"Road to Presidency,† which houses a 1832 engraving of the Declaration of Independence. It also had exhibits which showed how Richard Nixon worked his way up in the political Arena. Of all the exhibits I especially enjoyed the one about Nixons pursuit of Alger Hiss in the 1948 espionage case. I saw the presidential limousine. The same limousine in which president Nixon traveled in during his term in office. It is a black, bullet proof Lincoln continental with a V-8 engine priced around $500,000. Exhibit seven has a display of life size statues of 10 world leaders. Each statue weighs 80lbs. and are made according to the actual height of the leader. There is a picture of the capital from when Nixon took office and the room is filled with gifts and flags. There is a monitor in front of the exhibit which provides biographical summaries of each leader. A gallery featuring Richard Nixon’s achievements with foreign affairs is an interesting piece because I am now able to associate him with more than jus the Watergate scandal. There are also many gifts from Chinese and Russian leaders president Nixon dealt with during his term in office. This exhibit also encompasses an actual piece of the Berlin Wall. Aside from all the political accomplishments, president Nixon also contributed to Americas Space history. A whole ex...

NETFLIX Strategic Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NETFLIX Strategic Analysis - Research Paper Example Smart televisions are getting better and every TV will eventually have Wi-Fi and applications, and will eventually be cheaper. Netflix continuously increases its global internet network as a result of the growth in technology. The company is expected that the company will in future offer more movies. It may also react to the expected increase in demand from customers by coming up with its own movie production company in order to have a variety of movies. The company has invested in marketing in order to attract people around the world to try Netflix. The company anticipates to spend approximately $500M in 2014 on marketing and $ 400M on technology development in order to improve its services. Considering these initiative, the company’s position in the next five years will be able to increase its market share because it is expected that the company will dominate the television show streaming and has a strategy of expanding quickly in order to stay profitable at a global basis (Hill, 2012). The company will be able to compete with companies like Google with its

Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Reflection paper - Assignment Example on which is using an existing schema to deal with new circumstances, accommodation which happens when current knowledge does not work and has to be adjusted and equilibration which occur when child schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. An example of adaptation in my scenario is when my two-year-old niece saw my tablet for the first time and referred to it as a computer. In this occurrence, I explained to her that it’s not a computer though it looks like one therefore she was able to adjust with the new information (Wadsworth, 2004). Assimilation and accommodation require an active learner, not a passive one, as a teacher one should concentrate on a child thinking rather than result because it encourages problem-solving skills rather than trained. Paget’s theory also reinforce teachings should be accomplished by encouraging discovery for themselves rather than direct training. A teacher can also use this information and, use energetic methods that necessitate reconstructing of truths, encourage shared as well as individual activities. He or she can create disequilibrium in order to accommodate new information, arrange situations that present real-life problems and evaluate the level of child development so that you can go at his or her pace. More mature activities should be discouraged as it will confuse the children. On the first stage sensory –motor occurs between birth and two years. Children begin to understand the information they are receiving through their senses in particular, when reflex m ovement become more developed. Understanding of the world around them involves only the perceptions and things which the baby has already experienced for instance sucking on a nipple when hungry or reaching for an already familiar toy. Children from mental pictures of objects around them and what can be done with the object itself (Piaget, 1936). When they are around eight months they begin to look for objects hidden, for instance, a