project proposal :: essays research papers

Proposal EssayFor this project, I chose to select the option of making an artists account book. I come always free-base the portrayal of written words and pictures quite fascinating. Some have each page carefully worked out with decorative motifs varying from page to page. Some have fancy covers or style of binding that screams pick-me-up But the type of books that fascinate me the most are those that are dedicated to the art of photography. I proposed for this book to be created as a photographic reference towards life. I wanted to create any(prenominal)thing that had meaning. I wanted it to tell a story, appeal to the eye as well as the mind. I chose to entitle the book ABCs of Life. Yes, I know that sounds kind of cheeseb every(prenominal), but a fancy name wouldnt name the point across. This book was a challenge I hadnt ever taken part in and it was quite a bit of work. Each page in the book is designed as a black and white polaroid photograph. I wanted to capture the essen ce of spontaniality that is often found in life. I had to word a list of words from a-z, each letter representing an aspect of life. For A, anger, an emotion used almost daily now-a-days. B, beauty, for it is seen in the eyes of all women and children. C, compassion, which is sometimes elusive to come by, but no doubt in our lives. D, drugs, since we are all faced with them at maven point or another. E, exotic, as whatever is one of a kind facinates us. F, fantasy, as we all wish we had something we dont. G, girlfriends, its what makes worth living. H, hate, an emotion to be reckoned with. I, ironic, as some things are just too odd. J, journey, we are all headed somewhere, right? K, kiss, for when a yummy chocolate kiss makes your day. L, laughter, if we didnt have that wed all be grumpy people. M, majestic, for all the sites you may see along the way. N, nocturnal, as some of us are people of the night. O, oxygen, what we take in every moment of every day. P, passion, it is what fire make us whole. Q, questionable, as things arent always what they appear to be. R, religion, can be what forms a persons life. S, sex, a bond that can unite and destroy.

William Blake Essay -- Biographies Art Poetry Literature Papers

William Blake Romantic Poetry has been written since the late seventeen hundreds up past the freshman reform bill passed in 1832. There were many romantic poets in the Romantic Era, many who have touched the hearts of many readers and still do till this day. William Blake was one of the graduation exercise English Romantic poets to exist. This paper focuses on virtually of the history of William Blakes life, William Blake as a Romantic Poet, and some songs from two of his famous books, The Songs of Innocence and The Songs of consume.Included in this paper are some of William Blakes fabulous art creations, I also have a personal interpretation of some of his poems. To view the poem just simply click on the title of the poem and you will have full access to the plate that the poem was printed on. When ruined with this paper click on the hyperlinks found in my bibliography and you will have instant access to the world of William Blake. BIOGRAPHYWilliam Blake was born on November 2 8, 1757 he was the first of the great English Romantic poets as well as a painter, engraver and printer. William Blake was the third son of a capital of the United Kingdom hosier, he was brought up in a poor house hold and had very little schooling. Blake lived in or near to London, a city which dominates much of his work, whether as the nightmare London of the Songs of Experience, or the London which Blake saw as the New Jerusalem, the kingdom of God on earth. Blake obtained most of his education through readings of the Bible, of Milton and Greek and Latin classic literature. Blake is frequently referred to as a mystic, unless this is not really accurate. He deliberately wrote in the style of the Hebrew prophets and envisioned his works as expressions of proph... ... wrote the sequel The Songs of Experience. He wrote The Songs of Experience to demonstrate that, universe brings on experience. I hope that after reading this paper and browsing through the hyperlinks included, you k now understand how William Blakes poems and artwork tie into one another(prenominal) and why he is one of the greatest Romantic poets that has ever lived.BIBLIOGRAPHYTimeline of Blakes Life, Art and Literary Workhttp//camel2.conncoll.edu/ccacad/english/Blake/timeline.htmlThe Blake WEB By David W. Downiehttp//198.247.176.53/The Poets Cornerhttp//www.geocities.com/spanoudi/poems/blake01.htmlThe William Blake Pagehttp//members.aa.net/urizen/blake_text.htmlThe William Blake weather vane Museum http//sunsite.sut.ac.jp/wm/paint/auth/blake/The Time Line of William Blakehttp//camel2.conncoll.edu/ccacad/english/blake/timeline.html

Truss Design Project Essay -- Engineering

SummaryWe have designed a truss to support a point load, set(p) at 190mm from the edge of a 450mm geological fault. The upright vitrine of the trusses is modelled on the already established K truss design, but the overall shape of the structure is our own. There are three K units on distributively truss. The two vertical faces are held together at the top by another truss-like design. We modelled this on the N truss.The truss is createed from hot-dog sticks, glue and bolts.IntroductionThe task was to construct a truss out of 48 hot-dog sticks and 30 bolts to support as large a point load as possible. It was to span a gap of 450mm and to support a load placed at 190mm from the end. The truss may have a maximum depth beneath the supports of 130mm, and the loading rod placed not more than 110mm beneath the supports. Member ends must be bolted and the forces within the members calculable.Project ObjectivesMaximise the load capacity of the trussAchieve an even dispersal of force to e ach memberConstruct the truss carefully for maximum qualityDesign a truss which did not fail from flexural-torsional buckling. Development of the idealWe began by researching established truss designs, such as the Bailey bridge, Baltimore bridge and the N truss. We realised that although each type of truss was useful for its own purpose, none of the bridge was intended for supporting a point load. However, we compared the designs by calculating the distribution of forces in the members. This gave some guidance to the development of the model.We researched the K truss, which is composed of many ingeminate K units, in either direction. This design features the most even distribution of force to the members, which satisfies o... ... to the members reinforcing material glued to compression members holes drilled towards the middle of tension members to give extra support the rounded shape of the top and tin of the trusses for improved weight distribution and the N truss design on th e top and bottom to prevent flexural-torsional buckling.Drawings are over the pageConclusionsThe K-truss is the most effective means of distributing a point load amongst members, under determinate conditions.Increasing the concavity/ fee of the outer members of the truss lessens the forces in the members.Reversing the direction of the Ks at the position of the point load helps to lessen the force in the corresponding vertical members.It is desirable to have as many Ks in the truss as possible. The solution is maximised so that all 30 bolts are used, enceinte a good amount of K joints.

Macbeth - Manipulation :: essays research papers

When we first hear somewhat Macbeth from the sergeants report, we are led to believe that he is very much a person who does only what he believes is right. Furthermore, when he first appears in the fun, his fellow nobleman, Banquo, accompanies him. Given this, we would think that he does what is right, and makes all his own decisions. However this belief is proved wrong. Although Macbeth starts off as a loyal subject of Duncan, he is aspirant and this is a weakness, which allows him to be manipulated by a few f fermentors in the gambling. From the beginning of conduct 1 scene 5 till the murder of Duncan in act 2 scene 2, it is evident that Lady Macbeth manipulates and convinces Macbeth into murdering Duncan. This is basically the only part of the play where Lady Macbeth has control over Macbeth. After Duncans murder, Macbeth is partly driven by evil powers. Proof of Lady Macbeth understanding Macbeths thoughts and feelings are indubitable in her thoughts "Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it." (1.5.19-21). From the very same speech and small implications from the letter, we can tell that Macbeth was compulsive enough to want to be the King, but would not think of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knew this, she also knew that she would have to push Macbeth into performing the deed and she starts by telling him "Thy earn have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the present" (1.5.57-59) the moment they meet. From Macbeths reply "We will accost further" (1.5.69) he is obviously noncommittal, but was already thinking somewhat it. The first step of manipulation has started. Not much further in the play, we attain that Macbeth decides not to murder Duncan but rather, carry on serving as his Thane. However, Lady Macbeth starts her persuasion again, but this time she questions his manhood, saying "When you durst do it, then you were a man And to be more then what you were you would be so much more the man." (1.7.49-51). Had she not challenged his manhood and his love for her, he would not have usurped the sens and she would not have become a Queen. Not only did she get him to think about the murder, she even knew what to say after he had started thinking about the murder.Macbeth - Manipulation essays research papers When we first hear about Macbeth from the sergeants report, we are led to believe that he is very much a person who does only what he believes is right. Furthermore, when he first appears in the play, his fellow nobleman, Banquo, accompanies him. Given this, we would think that he does what is right, and makes all his own decisions. However this belief is be wrong. Although Macbeth starts off as a loyal subject of Duncan, he is ambitious and this is a weakness, which allows him to be manipulated by a few factors in the play. From the beginning of act 1 scene 5 till the murder of Duncan in act 2 scene 2, it is evident that Lady Macbeth manipulates and convinces Macbeth into murdering Duncan. This is basically the only part of the play where Lady Macbeth has control over Macbeth. After Duncans murder, Macbeth is partly driven by evil powers. Proof of Lady Macbeth understanding Macbeths thoughts and feelings are panoptic in her thoughts "Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it." (1.5.19-21). From the very same speech and small implications from the letter, we can tell that Macbeth was ambitious enough to want to be the King, but would not think of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knew this, she also knew that she would have to push Macbeth into performing the deed and she starts by telling him "Thy earn have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the present" (1.5.57-59) the moment they meet. From Macbeths reply "We will peach further" (1.5.69) he is obvious ly noncommittal, but was already thinking about it. The first step of manipulation has started. Not much further in the play, we learn that Macbeth decides not to murder Duncan but rather, carry on serving as his Thane. However, Lady Macbeth starts her persuasion again, but this time she questions his manhood, saying "When you durst do it, then you were a man And to be more then what you were you would be so much more the man." (1.7.49-51). Had she not challenged his manhood and his love for her, he would not have usurped the buns and she would not have become a Queen. Not only did she get him to think about the murder, she even knew what to say after he had started thinking about the murder.

LORENZOS OIL :: essays papers

LORENZOS OILProject IVSTEPS 2 & 3Article 11. What is property P? Increase in ace activity2. What is the sample? The 16 boys3. What is the population? All children4. What is the implicit question? Why is there a difference in brain function amid normal kids and kids with ADHD.5. What is not the implicit question? Do all children have a property p?6. What type of furrow? Sampling7. what did they look at? They looked at 16 children who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not.8. IQ Is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD?9. not Do all children have a difference in brain function?SchematizationS1 6% of school children suffer from ADHD and require medication.S2 They looked at 16 children between 8 and 13 who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not..S3 Ritalin is the drug used to treat children with hyperactive and aggressive behavior.S4/C1 ADHD children react differently than normal kids when given RitalinS5 Children with ADHD exhibit prob lems like poor listening and poor impulse control..S6 Healthy children have a decrease in brain activity when given Ritalin.C2 Ritalin has no positive effect on behavior in healthy childrenArticle 21. What type of argument? Correlation2. What is A ? GIK treatment (glucose insulin and potassium)3. What is B? Reduction in centre attack deaths.4. Causal Mechanism? Clogged arteries5. What is the implicit question? Why does group O nourishment (GIK)to the heart reduce heart attack deaths?6. NOT- What caused a reduction I Heart attacks?7. Which rival explains why a and b occur in concert? Forward cause Rival - Those that received treatment did not have clogged arteries.The argument in the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the GIK treatment and B the reduction in heart attack deaths. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of a front study. This study was originally conducted in 1960. And had showed and overall reduction in heart att ack death rate by half. This study was discarded however because of sick conducted clinical tests. These tests led many doctors to doubt that it worked. The study conducted called GIK for glucose, insulin and potassium nourishes t65he heart muscle that are deprived of oxygen immediately following a heart attack. The causal mechanism are clogged arteries that reduce the flow of oxygen to the heart.

LORENZOS OIL :: essays papers

LORENZOS OILProject IVSTEPS 2 & 3 name 11. What is property P? Increase in brain activity2. What is the sample? The 16 boys3. What is the population? All children4. What is the inherent question? Why is there a difference in brain function amongst normal kids and kids with ADHD.5. What is not the implicit question? Do all children pay a property p?6. What type of cable? Sampling7. what did they look at? They looked at 16 children who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not.8. IQ Is there a difference in brain function between normal kids and kids with ADHD?9. NOT Do all children have a difference in brain function?SchematizationS1 6% of school children adjoin from ADHD and require medication.S2 They looked at 16 children between 8 and 13 who were diagnosed with ADHD six were not..S3 Ritalin is the drug used to treat children with hyperactive and pugnacious behavior.S4/C1 ADHD children react differently than normal kids when given RitalinS5 Children with ADHD exhibit p roblems like poor listening and poor impulse control..S6 Healthy children have a decrease in brain activity when given Ritalin.C2 Ritalin has no positive effect on behavior in healthy childrenArticle 21. What type of argument? Correlation2. What is A ? GIK treatment (glucose insulin and potassium)3. What is B? Reduction in heart attack deaths.4. Causal Mechanism? Clogged arteries5. What is the implicit question? Why does oxygen nourishment (GIK)to the heart reduce heart attack deaths?6. NOT- What caused a reduction I Heart attacks?7. Which rival explains why a and b occur together? Forward cause Rival - Those that received treatment did not have clogged arteries.The argument in the article is a correlation argument. There is a correlation between A the GIK treatment and B the reduction in heart attack deaths. The arguer believes there is a correlation because of a prior determine. This study was originally conducted in 1960. And had showed and overall reduction in heart at tack death rate by half. This study was discarded however because of poorly conducted clinical tests. These tests led many doctors to doubt that it worked. The study conducted called GIK for glucose, insulin and potassium nourishes t65he heart muscle that are deprived of oxygen straightway following a heart attack. The causal mechanism are clogged arteries that reduce the flow of oxygen to the heart.

The Value to Life

The Value to Life Society vs. Self Today, our society assigns the encourage to hu part lifespan establish on which life is actually much(prenominal)(prenominal) appealing to them. In other words, society places a price tag on a mans life. A mortal is judged by society on the economic grade of their life based on certain factors and aspects that are irrelevant. citizenry realize the true set to their lives when they are in visit with situations that may take it away. And because the value of life is so precious, society should determine its value in different and better ways that appreciate its value.People put to a greater extent value on their lives when they come close to knocking on the doors of death. For instance, those animation withterminal illnesseslike cancer, micturate a whole different perception of their life and all of life in general in comparison to someone who is living a completely healthy life. In his autobiography,Lance Armstrongsaid, When I was sick, I saw more beauty and triumph and truth in a single day than I ever did in a bike race, just now they were human moments, not miraculous ones. Lance Armstrong is one of the most successful and accomplished figures in the world, yet even to him, a day of simply living one more day means more than whatever of his accomplishments while living with cancer. Having eitherthing may make one value their life in great depth save the fear of losing that everything they have worked for makes them value it even more however. While a person may assign the value to their life based on the obstacles they have overcame and learned from, societys way of determining the value to a human life is not nearly as sensitive.Society assigns the value of life under the terms of which life is actually worth more in dollars. Its unfortunate but there are too many instances in life where one persons life is considered with high value than others simply because of what they have and what they are willing t o show for it. I remember a time when a family member of mine was rushed to the emergency room only to be turned away because he did not have any medical insurance. Does that mean his life has less value than someone who does have life insurance?He deserved to be seen by a restitute just as much as the next with or without the papers. Or in another case scenario, a young rich blonde little girl of a wealthy known family becomes kidnapped on the same day as a daughter of a drug addict in the projects, who would have more promotion in the search for their return? The blonde girls family has more money therefore, can afford to pay their way to more publicity time, bestowing more value on her life.It is not something that you think of everyday, or is easily realized, but our society holds value on our life only through the cautious things. For instance, after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, thousands of innocent lives were lost as a result. Due to the fact that there wer e so many families to compensate and to foresee the airlines from going out of business, the federal government enforced a limit on how much individually family would receive in compensation.These numbers were given in an article called What Is a Life Worth? inTime magazinewritten by Amanda Ripley. First, the government will estimate how much a dupe would have earned over his or her lifetime had the planes never crashed. That means a brokers family will qualify for a vastly higher award than a window washers family. This quote shows that in the eyes of society, the value of life is not equal because if that was the case, everyone affected from the crash would have received the same amount in compensation.The only difference between the broker and the window washer is how much money their bank account holds, but in this case, that is the only thing that matters in determining their value of life. When assigning the value of life, society overlooks the character of the person or w hat purpose they served in life. Since treating every man equal in America is something we try to abide our lives by, the value of someones life should be determined on better terms.The value of someones life should be determined by the merit that person has earned throughout their life. In the book of proverbs it states that We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less. According to this quote, a man must be treated on his worth which is something that he must earn since every man is given the same chances and opportunities not more or less than others.When people are born, they are all given equal chances, but the different fate that can occur in each persons life along the way can determine who has the ability to overcome the obstacles, making that person earn a certain merit that decides the value to their life. In conclusion, a persons value of their own life is something that is overlooked at first. People do not realize that life is something that can be taken away so quickly that sometimes you cannot even grasp it. Life gains value when it is almost lost. When people have ragedies strike their lives, such as being diagnosed with a terminal disease, they realize how much life means to them because they feel the kibosh approaching. They begin to realize that all their life, they have worked for something and just like that, it can be taken away. Our society plays a large role in how value is put on life. Society determines the value of life unfairly and none biased on the emotional aspects a life may pertain. Society adjudicate a human life based on their materialistic earnings rather than their merit earnings. A rich mans life is more valuable than a poor mans under the rules of society.

Hunting Snake and Cockroach

The poems Hunting glide and The Cockroach are very several(predicate) but as well vastly like poems. The predominant language feature that is common in both poems is an extended metaphor this is used in Hunting Snake to represent the colonisation of the Aborigines in Ancient Australia, and in The Cockroach to represent human race nature, values and the way we live our lives. The poem Hunting Snake is obviously a poem nigh a group of people coming across a snake, staring in awe at its beauty and dissimilarity and then moving on. Wright uses a lot of sibilance in this poem, perhaps to emphasise the snake.However if we explore deeper we notice that the poem is not roughly this at all in fact it has an exceptionally different meaning. The entire poem is an extended metaphor for the colonisation of the Aborigines in Australia the snake represents the Aborigines and the persona represents the colonisers. Although the colonisers saw the incredibly beautiful and unique Aborigines, they simply looked at for each one other and walked on this is exactly what happens during every colonisation. The colonisers do not think about anyone elses feelings, just their own personal or monetary gain.Hunting Snake is a poem about ancient beliefs and values, and the way that humans acted many years ago. In comparison, the poem The Cockroach is also one that addresses the issue of human nature and values. Kevin Halligan uses a cockroach to portray a disgusting creature, one that many people are eager to kill and get rid of. Cockroaches also have a very nomadic lifestyle they scurry about from place to place, never settling down and are always on the go. Halligan wishes for us to compare the cockroaches lifestyle with our own the scampering motion of the bug is a reflection of his (and all humans) nomadic lifestyle.By describing these frantic movements he is saying something about how most of us live our lives and our incapability to settle down we are all in a hurry to m ove on to the next chapter in our lives, the next milestone, the next day, month, or year. This poem is set in modern day, it is written as if the cockroach is inside a house or a building, not outside like Hunting Snake. This technique helps to give us a better understanding of the poem we can more easily carry on it to human nature and our own lifestyles.

Covering Letter for Acca Course

August 21, 9999 XYZ University International Admissions Office XYZ Street, London, UK Dear Sir/Madam I am a senior consultant at Alpha Beta Pvt Ltd. , and would bid to pursue ACCA course at XYZ University. I am very much interested to make a career in the field of Accounting and finance which has always intrigued me on the magic of numbers and their impact on business and society at large. And I found that my interest lies in Accounting/Assurance, where I can best use my numeracy and analytical skills.I would like to pursue my further education in Accounting with a orbicular qualification as ACCA which would show me an excellent start in core accountancy skills there by helping me build a successful career in finance. Also the figure out palpate, I gained in Human Resources in management level would put me in a superior position to better comprehend some of the management level papers of ACCA course. After all my research on where to study for ACCA, I found XYZ University to be the best place to study and prepare for an ACCA global qualification.I am excited about XYZs world class teaching commitment towards accounting for which it has been known for many years and I am keenly looking forward to be a part of XYZ. At 10+2 level, my concentration was in Maths, Physics and Chemistry, which has strengthened my analytic skills. And my work experience all these years in Operations and Human Resources has broadened my understanding of the economics of business growth and development. And my work experience with Alpha Beta and Sigma Omega everyplace the last four years gave me the experience and confidence to work in a dynamic, fast-paced organization where learning uickly and attention to details are instrumental to success. As a member of the recruitment operations, I had chance to interact with senior management from global firms like Invesco Ltd, Franklin Templeton, Cognizant Technology Solutions and Capgemini which has further help my business understandi ng. And acquiring global financial qualification like ACCA would surely help in enhancing my finance and business understanding along with my analytical skills use which I can make a mark for myself with the support and guidance from XYZ.In order to gain hands on basics in Accounting onwards I start ACCA course with BPP, I have registered myself with The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) which is the awarding body for Chartered Accountants in India, with which I am studying bedrock of Accounting along with General Economics, Mercantile Law and Quantitative Aptitude. Thank you for your consideration. I very much look forward to the opportunity to get dexterous for my ACCA qualification by XYZ. Sincerely, ABC GYC

Theoretical Problems of Terminology

Content.. 2 1. Introduction . 3 2. Chapter 1 1. a priori problems of spoken language.. .. 6 1. 1 edges, their definition and classification 1. 2 nomenclature 3. Chapter 2 Semantic peculiarities of English and Ukrainian aesculapian frontierinology 15 4. Conclusions 6 5. The list of literature apply.. 28 A nonation voice communication appears spontaneously as a result of experience accumulation and appearance of surplus notions and concepts. The importance of our investigating is de boundined by the necessity to study the semantics of medical name. The aim of our year paper is to define the main semantic peculiarities of English and Ukrainian medical edges and their interaction with the denominations of general language.The achievement of the aim provides accomplishment of the following tasks 1) to study theoretical literature on the problems investigated 2) to study medical statuss and their meanings on the basis of explanatory and special dictionaries 3) to apply the methods of formalized analysis of semantics for building the matrix of semantic space of the English and Ukrainian medical shapeinology on the background of general language 4) to define the correlation of terminological and general semantics of lexemes under study.The intent of our year paper is 50 English and Ukrainian medical terms with the explanation of their medical and general meanings. The subject of our investigation semantic peculiarities of the English and Ukrainian medical terms. The language material for the year paper was taken from four dictionaries. The lexical material for our look for presents 50 English medical terms the semantics of which we have examine from medical vocabulary (Mondofacto) and explanatory (Longman) dictionary, we also used Ukrainian medical and explanatory dictionaries.We separated the semes from the meanings of the terms that have been studied in order to the basis of English and Ukrainian terminological and explanatory dictionaries. We analyzed the peculiarities of their special and general semantics. The year paper consists of the introduction, two chapters, conclusions, the list of literature used and supplement. Chapter I. Theoretical problems of terminology Modern life of society is characterized by horrific development of science and technology thats wherefore it leads to improvement of languages of these branches, especi entirelyy scientific and technical terminology.The term terminology is assigned to several concepts lyric 1 Terminology science. Inter-and-Trans disciplinary field of knowledge dealing with concepts and their representations (terms, symbols, etc. ) Terminology 2 Aggregate of terms, which represent the system of concept of an individual subject field. Terminology 3 Publication in which the system of concepts of a subject field is represented by terms. 618 The functions of terminology ) the ordering of knowledge on grounds of the relationships of concepts. 2) the manoeuver of knowledge, s kills and technology (education, training, reading of scientific and technical texts, etc. ) 3) the formulation and dissemination of scientific and technical texts into their in defining. 4) the translation of scientific and technical texts into their languages. 5) the abstracting and condensing of subject information. 6) the depot and rec everywherey of scientific and technical information. 618 Theories of terminology as they have developed over at least six decades, consider that concepts atomic number 18 1) units of thought, counsel on the psychological aspect of recognizing objects as part of reality 2) units of knowledge, focusing on the epistemological aspect of information gathered on the object in question 3) units of communication, stressing the fact that concepts ar the prerequisite for knowledge transfer in change discuss.The development of terminologies as a crucial part of special consumption languages reflects scientific, technical and economic progress in the s ubject fields concerned. Due to different speeds in this dynamic co-evolution of knowledge in the individual domains, specialized discourse continues to differentiate into to a greater extent and much sectorized special languages and terminologies. 18 7 But these communication tools become increasingly ambiguous callable to the sheer number of concepts to be designated and the hold linguistic resources of e genuinely natural language terms are taken over from one domain into an different, usually with varying meanings in the form of metaphors or analogies new homonyms, and terminological meanings, synonyms arise, motivating or even forcing subject specialists to standardize their terminology and harmonize them on the multilingual level in order to stretch and manage the constantly rising communicative complexity that faces their discourse communities.Terminology research is not take a hoped to semiotic and linguistic studies of term formation and the epistemological place of t he evolution of scientific knowledge. The agenda of terminology science also includes socio-terminological studies of the acceptance of neologisms proposed by terminology and language planners, case studies on terminology development by standardization and harmonization efforts, research and development concerning the establishment and use of terminology databases for various user groups and purposes and concerning controlled vocabularies for documentation and information retrieval purposes.Terminology displays the notions that were created, and spontaneously exist in every branch. Terminology is the study of and the field of activity concerned with the collection, description, processing and presentations of terms. The field of terminology is not independent as a discipline. Terminology though traced back for some decades got a more(prenominal) theoretical and methodological background in the past years. Terminology is an inter disciplinary field of research because it is extreme ly influenced by the activities and methods of the areas if serves. Earlier terminology was a problem of engineers needing concepts for naming new technical items.Now linguists claim it to be an an some other(prenominal) dimension of lexicology and lexicography. Terminology has become a specialized aspect of computational linguistics and information science1710. Terminology is the study of terms and their use. Terms are interchanges and compound countersigns that in particular pro carriage contexts are given specific meanings, meanings that may deviate from the meaning the same backchats have in other contexts and in everyday language. The discipline Terminology studies among other things how such terms of art come to be and their interrelationships within a culture. Terminology differs from lexicography n studying concepts, conceptual systems, and their labels (terms), whereas lexicography study words and their meanings. Terminology gum olibanum denotes a discipline which syst ematically studies the labelling or designating of concepts particular to one or more subject fields or domains of human activity, through research and analysis of terms in context, for the purpose of documenting and promoting consistent usage. This study can be limited to one language or can cover more than one language at the same eon (multilingual terminology, bilingual terminology, and so forth) or may focus on studies of terms across fields 2645.Terminology is a science whose aim is to study terms, which are lexical parts used in specialized fields (subjects or their branches) and generated in such fields or change from elements already existing in other fields. In Terminology, the term or terminological unit is the meaning unit do up of one adept word (simple term) or several words (complex term) and represents a concept in an univocal dash in a specific semantic field (Office of the French Language of Quebec). From this definition, we can understand that a term is a spe cialized word in relation to its meaning and the field in which it is used.It is considered in that way when used in a certain context in which it takes the function of a term. Terms are elements of natural languages, as are other lexical units too. As far as terminologies reflect rapid development of science, they are opened to language planning, systematic management and different kinds of manipulation more than other lexical subsystems or strata. This causes terminologists to fulfill three comprehensive projects 1) the standardization of existing terminologies 2) the creation of new national terminologies as comfortably as 3) their global nuclear fusion reaction. 18 8 A definition is description of a concept by means of other known concepts, mostly in the form of words and terms. It determines the position of this concept in a system of other related concepts. Definitions can be categorized according to their purpose into descriptive prescriptive definitions. A descriptive def inition states which meaning a term has. A prescriptive definition states which meaning a term should have. 1511 In the seventies of the xx century the thrill of interest towards system character of terminology could be observed and that was connected with the popularity of the biologist Bertalanffy.This scientist suggested the programme of building general theory of systems, which contained general principles and laws of the systems behaviour no matter what elements and the relationships between were. The difference between terminology system and terminology is, first of all, in the way they come into being. Terminology appears spontaneously as a result of knowledge accumulation and appearance of special notions and concepts. Terminology enters the mental world far from being accomplished and crowned its lexical units are very far from systematic.terminological system is completely isomorphic to the system of concepts and terminology is not. 2317 Terminology-is the section of voca bulary which covers the terms of different spheres of science, art, social life, and technics. 923 Terminology is closely related to such sciences as ontology, logics, linguistics, communication theory, information and documentation science, computer science, etc. In the GTT the notion concept and its relationship to other concepts have a central position. They are cornerstones of the GTT and the starting gratuity of any terminology work.The conceptology which is a basic discipline of logic is closely connected in this respect with terminology. The most important connective of terminology to linguistics is that the term is a linguistic symbol, which is formed by words or word elements. 18 7 Terminology is not connected to information retrieval in any way but focused on the meaning and conveyance of concepts. Terms used in an information retrieval context are not the same as terms used in the context of terminology, as they are not always technical terms of art. 920 The problems of terminology were investigated by such linguists asL. A. Kapanadze 10, V. I. Malcey 11, V. P. Danulenko 99, O . S. Achmanova 558, A. A. Reformatskuj 1127, H. O. Vinokur 711 and others. Semantic aspect of English and Ukrainian medical terminology was studied by such linguists asBalyshyn S. I3, Chabirova Z. P,11, Orlova A. S, Philipova Y. B. 2122, mule skinner H. A23, Dorian A. F5420. and others The English language began creation of modern terminology from Chosers time.In his work Treatise on the astrolabe he for the first time used terms declinations, ecliptic, latitude, longitude, meridian, zodiac etc. Term (lat. Terminus boundary, limit) is alexico -nominative unit that needs definitions( V. P. Danylenko1120, T. L. Kandelaki25 and others). Definition is a necessary dependency of term which has a meaning for its pick from the vocabulary stock of language(S. V. Novak)1523. Term is considered to be a nominative sign that operates in the language with a special purpose (V. M. Leychi k).Term is determined as a language unit, correlated with conceptions of special professional spheres ( V. A. Tatarynov) 1427. It is understandable that a large number of terminological definitions as a conception of a word and scientific term do not lead to distinct and simple solution of their theoretically linguistic essence. The study of early works in terminology shows that linguistic essence of term is not enough researched. Mainly researchers were interested in lexicographical aspect of terminology and not in definition and uncovering semantic peculiarities of term .A term is a word or a certain word- combination that distinctly and definitely designates scientific or special notion. The term does not designate the notion interchangeable an ordinary word, but inversely, the concept is attached to a term. Thus, a specific concept determined by a term is understandable only due to its definition-laconic, logical, which points out essential indications of a subject and denotes its notion and matter. According to Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, a term is a word or twist that has a precise meaning in some uses or is peculiar to a science, art, profession or subject. 18 10 One more definition of a term explains as any conventional symbol for a concept which consists of articulated sounds or of their written representations. A term may be a word or a phrase. 20 10 As it is vivid from the definition the term always stands for a concept and it should preferably stand for a single concept. This concept has a meaning that is fixed, abstract and general. Only features that are considered to be relevant are retained in the meaning, other features are rejected. Concepts are mental representations of individual object or comprise a preparedness of individual objects having certain qualities in common.Concepts are mental representations of individual object or comprise a set of individual objects having certain qualities in common. A term is defined by the conte nt it stands for and not by any peculiarities in its linguistic structure. 15 11. An expression is a term within the framework of a conceptual system in which it is defined as a term. Membership of a terminological system thus gives an expression terminological status. Ancient Greek philosophers said that a term has two meanings In broad definition a term-is a word or word-combination, which denotes real or abstract subjects.In this case the word term coincide with the meaning of a name, it means that a term the same as name. In narrow definition, as we already know the term- is a word or word-combinations introduced into a science as the designation of subjects, appearances that are studied by the science. 12272. To descriptive terms belong a)set-expressions, which name or denote empirical and abstract objects. They designate a term-as proper and general names. b)predicative expression-is a word or word-combination which denotes properties and qualities of subjects and relations be tween the subjects. )objective functional expressions, which denote objective functions and operations, to which special mathematical and logical signs and words denoting scope, weight, growth, colour belong. 14 30 Terms can be more or less complex lexical units that are generated following several processes The extension of the meaning of a word in the standard language (for instance, computer mouse in computing terminology is a twirl that allows the user to interact with the computer). Generation of a phrase that functions as a whole with one specialized meaning (superconducting magnet). Symbolic expressions, as chemical element symbols (Na) or chemical and mathematical formulas (H2SO4). Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Names of post ( blooming Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, Prime Minister). The border line between word and term is drawn by the use of the lexical unit in a specialised field of kno wledge with a specialised meaning or not. That is why a certain level of specialised knowledge is needed to recognise a term (we get out only know that mouse is a term if we know the computing terminology).The characteristics of a text communicative purpose, subject, specialisation grade are also stabilising to recognise the presence of terms. The extension of the meaning of a word in the standard language (for instance, mouse in computing terminology is a device that allows the user to interact with the computer). Generation of a phrase that functions as a whole with one specialized meaning (superconducting magnet). Symbolic expressions, as chemical element symbols (Na) or chemical and mathematical formulas (H2SO4). Abbreviations (PVC) and acronyms (NATO, from North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Names of post (Prime Minister), organizations or administrations (United Nations, Prime Minister). The border line between word and term is drawn by the use of the lexical unit in a specialised field of knowledge with a specialised meaning or not. That is why a certain level of specialised knowledge is needed to recognise a term (we will only know that mouse is a term if we know the computing terminology). The characteristics of a text communicative purpose, subject, specialisation grade are also helpful to recognise the presence of terms.In order to establish the limit between term and word, it is important to know the characteristics of terms in a specialised language. According to Gutierrez Rodilla (1998 88-94) the characteristics of terms are precision, emotional neutrality and stability over time. For instance, aplasia is a medical term meaning incomplete or faulty development of an organ it is monosemic which implies precision it is neutral emotionally and finally, it is stable over time since it has been used without any variation in use, form and meaning for a long period of time in scientific documents.A concept can be described either by the definitio n or explanation. If it is not accomplishable in a certain case to provide a definition at least an explanation should be given. The definition is the key to any scientific work. A definition is description of a concept by means of other known concepts, mostly in the form of words and terms. It determines the position of this concept in a system of other related concepts. Most foreign linguists payment more attention to semantic character of the term.They discover universal theoretical cases concerning terminological science, but not language facts are estimated by them superficially, without proper argumentation, unconvincingly. Terminological principles and methods are the basis for the unification of terminology work. They concern the analysis of concepts, the determination of their intension, the investigation of relationships of concepts, the design of systems of concepts, the description of concepts(definition), the assignment concept- designation(terms, symbols, etc. or vic e versa, selection of adequate words or word elements for the formation of terms, creation of correct new terms etc. 2325. Characteristics of terms The reality around us is made up of a wide variety of objects that are observed or simply seen. The human mind is able to perceive every objects and generate a conceptual image that allows recreating the object even if it is not within our senses reach. In human communication, it is necessary to represent an objectconcept with a material and recognisable with the means forthcoming for humans.In a verbal language such representation is the word oral or written and the term in specialised communication. Thus, the term, as with any other word, is a sign with a triple dimension Linguistic the signifier (the formal aspect of the term). Cognitive the meaning of the concept represented by a term. ontological the referent, the object from reality to be named. The three dimensions give three different, but related, aspects of terms Linguisti c dimension symbolical aspect this refers to a term as a symbol representing an object, a referent. Cognitive dimension conceptual aspect in relation to the concept that allows the human mind to keep the referent. Ontological dimension referential aspect the referent itself to be named and understood. Dimensions of a term cognitive linguistic ontological concept term referent conceptual symbolic referential aspects. To the three dimensions already explained, it is possible to add a fourth one that is implicit at the beginning of this section, the communicative dimension (associated with a dianoetic aspect).According to this dimension, the terms are inserted in a discourse with the purpose of taking part in the message produced in a communicative event. From this communicative point of view, the sender of the message, the author of the text, uses each term with a sole meaning, regardless of whether it is the terms meaning, one chosen among the different concepts and referents re presented by a single polysemic term, or an altered, modified or adulterated meaning that the author assigns to a term accidentally (perhaps due to a lack of competence in a specialised knowledge) or intentionally (a personal use of language and terminology).The balance in the relations between the different dimensions and aspects defines the characteristics of each term, but not all the terms share the same level of relations, that is why the features of terms as a whole are more of a trend, desired by their producers and users, than a reality. According to Gutierrez Rodilla (1998 88-94) the features of terms are precision, emotional neutrality and stability. A term has to meet a number of requirements 1. The term must(prenominal) be well motivated. The motivation of a term should be self-evident. 2. The term should be systematic. That means that it must be a member of terminological system. 3.The formation of the term must be in accordance with the syntactic rules of the language . 4. The term must be potentially productive of derivations. 5. The term must avoid pleonasm. This part of pleonastic formation generally occurs through a lack of linguistic knowledge. 6. The term should not contain superfluous elements. This may occur when the generic term and the specific term form a new term. 7. The term should preferably not have synonymous, homonymous or polysemous terms. 8. The term should be as short as possible without affecting its clarity. 9. The term should preferably not present orthographical or morphological variations. 18 11 At the present stage of language development society influences all language terminological processes such as term formation , interaction of generally used lexics and terminology, borrowing of terms from other languages and subsystems, development of polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, standardization and unification of terms, etc. In this chapter we observed theoretical problems of terminology, functions of terminology, requirements o f a term, terms, their definition and classification, terminology and terminological system, the principles of terminology and methods.Also we named famous linguists who studied the problems of terminology. We observed the term as an inseparable unit of mentality that arises the smallest segment of concrete mentality process. By this segment in our year paper is a scientific concept of linguistic that indicates term- word which we receive on the basis of imagination about practical and theoretical activity of a person. We consider that linguistic term as a word is a part of vocabulary and is not isolated from the laws that influence on the lexical system in general.